Employer calling: Incidence and worker-level effects of on-call work in Germany

Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), we analyse incidence and worker-level consequences of on-call work, a work arrangement that allows employers to adjust their employees’ working times flexibly workload. We find around 4%–5% workforce was employed in between 2014 2019. On-call workers are on average less educated, have lower tenure more unemployment experience. They also often marginal part-time jobs smaller firms. higher discrepancy contractual actual hours probability having no stipulated contracts, which points towards security regarding expected incomes. evidence for wages decreased subjective well-being along various dimensions but these results only apply women not men. JEL Classification: J80, J28, J31